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| King's Commendation for Brave Conduct (1916-1952) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
King's Commendation for Brave Conduct (1916-1952)
During World War I it was recognized that there was no suitable award to recognize acts of bravery by civilians such as the seamen of the British Merchant Navy that did not merit a specific gallantry medal, and for acts of gallantry during which the person performing the act lost their life (only the Victoria Cross could be awarded posthumously at that time). The formal introduction of “Commendations” was the solution approved by King George V and was a system re-introduced in 1939 by King George VI when it was referred to as the “King’s Commendation" for brave conduct before being officially titled the "King's Commendation for Brave Conduct". In 1952 the honour was renamed the “Queen’s Commendation for Brave Conduct” which was itself replaced in 1994 by the Queen's Commendation for Bravery. Unlike many awards for bravery, there is no entitlement to append post-nominal letters after a recipient's name.〔Abbott (1981), Mentions & Commendations〕
==Institution==
British awards are normally instituted by Royal Warrant published in the London Gazette within which are specified the description of the award, persons eligible to receive it, circumstances in which it is to be awarded, and all associated conditions. There are apparently no such terms of reference for the “Kings Commendation”, it was a prompt wartime solution to a problem encountered during World War I.
The Commendation (later known as the "King's (Queen's ) Commendation for Brave Conduct") exists to officially acknowledge worthy acts by civilians and members of the military in non-warlike circumstances during a time of war, or in peacetime where the action could not otherwise be recognised by an existing award. As a Commendation could be made posthumously it was a versatile solution to enable official recognition of bravery in all circumstances.
Awards were formally published in the London Gazette and a personal certificate presented.〔Abbott (1981), p.301-302〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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